Crepe myrtle pruning - Crepe Myrtle Plant Care. Water in well and keep soil moist until tree is established. Keep well watered through Summer. ... However, the downside of this annual pruning is that it creates an ugly, butchered looking plant. Left unpruned, crepe myrtles develop a naturally appealing shape and will flower well regardless.

 
When it is time to prune, cut last year's growth back by about 2 feet, removing any damaged or crossing branches. By repeating this process for a few years, your crepe myrtle will regain its natural shape and will look tidy — not butchered — after pruning. These pruning rules apply to species of crepe myrtles that are trees, some of which .... How much does it cost to rent a suit

Here, I'll tell you why content pruning is a critical component of your SEO strategy, and then I'll dive into a step-by-step content audit process. Trusted by business builders wor...Aug 11, 2022 · Consequences of Severe Pruning. Unfortunately, many homeowners and landscape professionals prune crapemyrtle trees too severely (see an example of this in the photograph). Topping—commonly called "crape murder"—can be very damaging to the tree. This practice results in a "witch's broom" appearance and a tree that is no longer in proportion. Prune to shape the tree and encourage the growth of new flowering shoots. Avoid heavy pruning, commonly known as “crape murder,” which can stress the tree and lead to weak, spindly growth. Winter Care: In colder regions, young plants may need protection during winter. Use burlap or a similar material to cover them.When to Prune Crape Myrtles. The best time to prune crape myrtles is in late winter, before they start growing. Avoid pruning in the fall, since pruning can stimulate the growth of sprouts that may be killed by the coming cold weather. If your crape myrtle blooms before mid-July, deadheading it (cutting off the dead blooms as soon as they fade ...However, errors in pruning timing or technique can easily mar your crape myrtle's beauty, make it flower less, or even put it at risk for disease. By pruning your trees the right way during late ...Mar 19, 2014 · The best time to prune crape myrtles is in late winter, before they start growing. Avoid pruning in the fall, since pruning can stimulate the growth of sprouts that may be killed by the coming cold weather. If your crape myrtle blooms before mid-July, deadheading it (cutting off the dead blooms as soon as they fade) can often make it bloom again. Crepe myrtles should be transplanted when they are dormant, not when they are in bloom. The best time to transplant a crepe myrtle is early spring or fall. In early spring, the tre...When it is time to prune, cut last year's growth back by about 2 feet, removing any damaged or crossing branches. By repeating this process for a few years, your crepe myrtle will regain its natural shape and will look tidy — not butchered — after pruning. These pruning rules apply to species of crepe myrtles that are trees, some of which ... Best Time Of Year To Prune Crepe Myrtle. Crepe myrtles should be pruned very early in the spring. Pruning should be done while the tree is still in winter dormancy before it starts putting out new growth. Pruning during dormancy helps prevent the spread of disease, fungi, and insects when the tree is most vulnerable. The best investment accounts for kids of 2023, including custodial Roth IRAs (best for no age limits), 529 college savings plans (best for college funds) and UTMA/UGMA accounts (be...The general pruning procedure shown for crape myrtle (Figure 9), applies to many large shrubs and small tree species. If a shrub is grown for its flowers, time the pruning to minimize disruption of blooming. Spring flowering shrubs bloom on last season’s growth and should be pruned soon after they bloom.Noteworthy Characteristics. Lagerstroemia indica, commonly known as crape myrtle, is an upright, wide-spreading, multi-stemmed, deciduous shrub or small tree in the loosestrife family.It typically grows to 15-25’ tall. It is native from the Himalayas through southern China, southeast Asia and Japan, but has naturalized in the U.S. from Virginia to Arkansas … A freeze would kill any new growth. This plant blooms only on new growth. To prune in late spring would be to remove flower buds. Crepe myrtles may also be pruned in summer after blooming is finished. In fact, by pruning immediately after bloom heads are spent, you can obtain a second bloom cycle. 6. Remove the side branches. Next up, you need to eliminate the branches that protrude from the side of the main trunk. You have to prune the branches that have overgrown in height and those that give the tree an undesirable shape. Doing so ensures that your crepe myrtle tree maintains an attractive shape.I was going to the beach last weekend and my mother noticed some Crepe Myrtles with an interesting shape. They almost had an umbrella shape. There were the ubiquitous multiple trunks, but the tops were almost symmetrically even domes. Almost like umbrellas. There was even an inverted bowl shape underneath, because the branches …Pruning crepe myrtle in Cincinnati? Look no further than this comprehensive guide. Learn the best techniques and timing for keeping your crepe myrtle healthy and thriving in the Queen City. 2014 45th St. Galveston, Texas 77550. Mon – Sat: 9:00am–18:00pm. Sunday CLOSED +1 (409) 966–6354. Gardening. Houseplants;Jan 24, 2019 ... Watch as one of our expert horticulturalists, Ed Laivo, as he shares tips and tricks to correctly prune the beautiful Crape Myrtle.United Airlines is pruning its operation in Columbia, South Carolina, and Dayton, Ohio, in 2020, ending or reducing service from Houston. United Airlines is pruning its operation i...I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor Tommy Cowett discusses his technique for pruning a large crepe myrtle. He trys to avoid commting crepe mu...They don't get stuck in a rut. They are always innovating and, if necessary, buying....PEP Good companies pretty much stay the same. Maybe they do a small acquisition here or a...️ Pruning your Crepe Myrtle James and I made this little video to demo how to prune your crepe myrtles in late winter or early spring ... Thankyou Amy and James. I know I’m a bit late, but …In Texas, the best time to prune myrtles is during the dormant season, usually late winter. February is usually an excellent month for pruning crepe myrtles in Texas. This allows the tree to properly heal and establish buds for the next growing season. Continue reading to learn how and when to prune crepe myrtle in Texas.Trimming multiple crepe myrtle trees costs $40 to $60 per tree on average. Prune crepe myrtles before new leaves start growing in early spring. Cutting off the top of crepe myrtles makes them susceptible to diseases. Tree pruning cost. Tree pruning costs $200 to $800 on average or up to $1,600 for large trees.May 26, 2021 · Where to plant a crepe myrtle tree. Crepe myrtles make ideal feature trees for home gardens, because they’re compact in size, and respond well to pruning. All crepe myrtles need to be grown in an open sunny position, and young trees should be watered generously through summer. Because of their compact size, they make very good street trees. Crepe myrtles bloom in the summer. The new wood of the tree usually yields the blooms, so pruning in the winter or early spring is recommended. The queen’s crepe myrtle (Lagerstroe...Jun 25, 2022 · Learn how to prune crepe myrtle trees or shrubs to achieve a natural shape and keep them healthy and blooming. Find out the best time, method and tips for pruning, and avoid common mistakes like cutting off the bark or too much of the canopy. In addition to proper pruning, there are several other steps you can take to promote the health and beauty of your crepe myrtle trees. First, make sure to plant the tree in a suitable location with plenty of sun, well-draining soil, and enough space for the tree to grow. Secondly, provide regular watering and fertilization as needed. While crepe myrtle trees don't require frequent pruning, they should be trimmed once each year in late winter. Waiting until the second half of the winter season to prune your tree ensures … Crepe Myrtle pruning is important to make sure your tree flourishes. To achieve an aesthetically pleasing look, Crape Myrtles should be pruned every year. However; if you are okay with a more “natural” look you can prune your Crepe Myrtles every 3-5 years. For best results, most experts suggest that tree pruning should take place in late ... From museums and gardens to castles and epic Ferris wheels, Myrtle Beach has a lot more going on than just its 60 miles of incredible sand. The shores of Myrtle Beach are undeniabl...After pruning, be sure to clean up any fallen branches or debris around the base of the tree. This will reduce the risk of pests or diseases and promote a healthy growing environment for the crepe myrtle. Pruning techniques for crepe myrtles can help prevent regrowth by removing the tree's ability to produce new shoots.When to prune. In the Southeast, the best time to prune a crape myrtle is in its dormant season. January is a good month to do this, but you most likely could ...Pruning full-sized and dwarf crapes so that they retain the appropriate form is relatively simple. ‘Pencil pruning’ is a term used to describe the pruning of the tree to a pencil-sized stem when it is possible. Crapemyrtles should be pruned to pencil-sized branches that are in the third degree of the canopy. The stem that emerges from the …The Crape Myrtle Massacre is the over-pruning and wrong-season pruning of crapes all over Houston. You’ve seen over-pruning … people chop back crape myrtles to the knuckles each and every year, and new growth comes out like a “feather duster.”. And wrong-season pruning would mean November and December. Don’t let “peer pressure” by ...Crepe myrtles (Lagerstroemia indica) are among the top small trees to grow in the garden.For starters, they are small — indeed, some of the new varieties are better described as big shrubs. Most are under 8m tall, which means they fit comfortably in a suburban garden or under power lines as a street tree. Not only will they add colour and …Learn several techniques for treating and preventing black bark on crepe myrtle trees. From proper pruning to fungicide treatments, these tips will help restore the health and appearance of your crepe myrtle. 2014 45th St. Galveston, Texas 77550. Mon – Sat: 9:00am–18:00pm. Sunday CLOSED +1 (409) 966–6354. In addition to proper pruning, there are several other steps you can take to promote the health and beauty of your crepe myrtle trees. First, make sure to plant the tree in a suitable location with plenty of sun, well-draining soil, and enough space for the tree to grow. Secondly, provide regular watering and fertilization as needed. The TikTok tortilla hack is simple: A different ingredient is placed in each quadrant of a flour tortilla with a slit cut down the middle of the tortilla, but only half way. Then t...Noteworthy Characteristics. Lagerstroemia indica, commonly known as crape myrtle, is an upright, wide-spreading, multi-stemmed, deciduous shrub or small tree in the loosestrife family.It typically grows to 15-25’ tall. It is native from the Himalayas through southern China, southeast Asia and Japan, but has naturalized in the U.S. from Virginia to Arkansas …Lagerstroemia indica cultivars are available in white, red, pink and deep mauve. It is named for its crepe-paper-like individual flowers, which form triangular spires. They are relatively slow ...40 Crinan Street, Hurlstone Park Sydney NSW 2193 – phone: 0458 425 125. Current size: 1-2.5m.Prices range from $45 up to $110. Pick up only. Crepe Myrtle Trees or Lagerstroemia indica . Varieties for Sale, include dwarf types along with many flower colours. We look at growing conditions, pruning, and root systems.Learn how to correct crepe myrtle pruning gone wrong.Nov 17, 2022 · Crepe myrtles said to grow 10 to 15 feet tall ended up growing 20 to 30 feet tall. This meant that many crepe myrtles grew too big for the spots they were in, and homeowners started chopping off their heads every spring. Many say they do it because it makes the trees bloom more heavily. While crepe myrtle trees don't require frequent pruning, they should be trimmed once each year in late winter. Waiting until the second half of the winter season to prune your tree ensures that ... Crepe Myrtle pruning is important to make sure your tree flourishes. To achieve an aesthetically pleasing look, Crape Myrtles should be pruned every year. However; if you are okay with a more “natural” look you can prune your Crepe Myrtles every 3-5 years. For best results, most experts suggest that tree pruning should take place in late ... Just say no to murder! {Crape Murder, that is!} For some reason people want to take the tops off of their crape myrtles every Winter, which is about the wors... Crapemyrtle trees bloom on the new growth, so any pruning that is needed should be done prior to new growth beginning—for most of the south, this will be from mid February through mid …Do consider the tree’s shape: Aim to maintain the Crepe Myrtle’s natural, vase-like shape. This enhances the tree’s beauty and promotes healthy growth. Do prune sparingly: It’s always better to prune too little than too much. Over-pruning can stress the tree and lead to weak, spindly growth. The good news is most Crape Myrtles can be pruned with hand held shears or long handles loppers. If yours are way out of control, then a chainsaw might be necessary in the most extreme cases. So now on to the good stuff. When you prune your Crape Myrtle the proper way it will will maximize blooms, promote new growth and give your plant a great ... With excellent care and minimal pruning, Pink Velour crepe myrtle trees can attain a maximum height of 12 feet with a mature spread of 2 to 6 feet wide. Most growers, especially in milder climates, typically see Pink Velours growing between 6 and 10 feet high. Though small compared with other crape myrtle varieties, the Pink …Dec 28, 2012 ... "Crape myrtles bloom better when cut back." This is not accurate. The flower clusters may be larger on severely pruned trees, but the added ... The Crape Myrtle Massacre is the over-pruning and wrong-season pruning of crapes all over Houston. You’ve seen over-pruning … people chop back crape myrtles to the knuckles each and every year, and new growth comes out like a “feather duster.”. And wrong-season pruning would mean November and December. Don’t let “peer pressure” by ... Prune in late winter, when the crepe myrtle has lost all of its leaves, and the branches are fully visible. And do things in an orderly fashion, removing the “ ...Once the tree has dropped all of its leaves, you may begin to prune. To prune the branches touching the roof, follow a branch where it touches the roof back toward the main body of the tree. If along the way you see a strong upward growing side branch, cut back to that branch. That will redirect the growth of the canopy of the tree up and away ...Mar 19, 2014 · The best time to prune crape myrtles is in late winter, before they start growing. Avoid pruning in the fall, since pruning can stimulate the growth of sprouts that may be killed by the coming cold weather. If your crape myrtle blooms before mid-July, deadheading it (cutting off the dead blooms as soon as they fade) can often make it bloom again. Not only do people spend less when the use cash, but they enjoy their purchases more. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receive newsletters and promotions from Money and its partner...I also treat Crepe Myrtles for mites and the black fungus that develops from their presence. (Before and after photos). Private message me if your Crepe Myrtle(s) needs some love.Pruning Requirements: Crepe myrtle trees require regular pruning to maintain their shape and promote flowering. Improper pruning can lead to an unattractive appearance and reduced flowering. Susceptibility to Crape Myrtle Bark Scale: These trees can be susceptible to crape myrtle bark scale, an invasive insect that can weaken the tree and …Print. How to Prune Crapemyrtles Correctly. How to Prune Crepe Myrtles Correctly. Watch on. This article covers the topic of pruning Crapemyrtles (also spelled Crepemyrtle, Crepe Myrtle or Crape Myrtle). Quick note; this is … 1 2 Archives. Crepe myrtle trees are popular with home gardeners for their clusters of beautiful flowers and unique peeling bark. While they are fairly hardy, there are problems that can arise if you don’t have suitable information on crepe myrtle care. That’s where we come in. Keep reading for tips on growing crepe myrtle trees so you can ... With crepe myrtle pruning service, you can expect precise and strategic pruning techniques that promote proper branch structure, enhance flowering, and encourage overall tree health. By removing dead or …Prune Belly syndrome is known by many other names. Discover synonyms for Prune Belly Syndrome and learn about Prune Belly Syndrome. Try our Symptom Checker Got any other symptoms? ... The good news is most Crape Myrtles can be pruned with hand held shears or long handles loppers. If yours are way out of control, then a chainsaw might be necessary in the most extreme cases. So now on to the good stuff. When you prune your Crape Myrtle the proper way it will will maximize blooms, promote new growth and give your plant a great ... How to Grow Crepe Myrtle From Seed. To plant a crepe myrtle from seed, gather seed pods in the fall, let them dry, and then shake out the seeds. Store the seeds in an airtight container in a cool, dry place until spring. Then follow these steps to plant: Fill 4- to 6-inch pots with soil and water the surface.What to Prune. Over time, prune out thin, spindly branches in the crown of the tree. Prune out branches that cross each other and rub together. Prune out dead ...In the New York area we are on the edge of its growing zone. Lagerstroemia indica and its hybrids within this species are hardy to USDA Hardiness Zones 7 to 9, where as New York State ranges from zones 3 to 7 and New York City area is zones 6 and 7. In Zone 7 they may be killed to the ground in hard winters (as many were in the …Pruning and Fertilizing Crape Myrtles. February is a good time to prune those crape myrtles, and if you have been getting NO BLOOMS OR POOR QUALITY OF BLOOMS, fertilizing just may be the answer. Use 8-8-8 or 13-13-13. One of the best features of crape myrtles is the natural growth habit. Frequently, improper pruning destroys this desirable …Apr 1, 2021 · To prune crepe myrtle, Rogers says to start with a pair of sharp pruning shears that you’ve wiped down with rubbing alcohol, rinsed and dried. He offers these tips on how to proceed with pruning: Go sparingly and avoid pruning anything larger than the diameter of your finger. “Aggressively pruning thicker wood from crepe myrtle is a habit ... May 8, 2023 · Medium crape myrtle cultivars (growing up to about 15 feet in height) and tall or tree-size crape myrtle cultivars (often growing 20 – 30 feet tall in 10 years) are best reserved for open areas. Some situations necessitate crape myrtle pruning. Lower limbs of crape myrtle are removed to increase clearance for pedestrians or vehicles. Pruning Crepe Myrtles In The SummerThis is how I like to manage crepe myrtles during the Summer months. Subscribe here - https: ...Crepe Myrtle Maintenance. These small trees are beautiful if taken care of properly. Every fall they need to be pruned back to the proper height so that in spring they can grow and bloom. Crepe Myrtle Pruning with Echo PAS Pole Pruner in Gwinnett County by Gwinnett Lawns Lawn Care. Watch on.He also has some nice graphics for pruning best practices. Read Brent’s tutorial on – Pruning Instructions For Crepe Myrtle Trees – From Gardenality. Many designers recommend planting in odd numbers like 1,3,5 and so on. Why not give you the same with Crepe Myrtle pruning – 3 tutorials!Jan 23, 2024 · When to prune crepe myrtles. Crepe myrtles bloom on new wood, which means that their flowers form on branches that grew earlier in the same year. As with most trees that bloom on new wood, the best time to prune crepe myrtles is in late winter or very early spring, before they break dormancy. If you prune your crepe myrtle in February or March ... Severe pruning will not kill or injure a healthy crape myrtle. Corrective pruning should be done to remove damaged or dead branches when a problem is detected. Otherwise, prune while the plant is dormant (winter or early spring) …He also has some nice graphics for pruning best practices. Read Brent’s tutorial on – Pruning Instructions For Crepe Myrtle Trees – From Gardenality. Many designers recommend planting in odd numbers like 1,3,5 and so on. Why not give you the same with Crepe Myrtle pruning – 3 tutorials!Southwest is continuing its apology tour with free points. The airline’s latest offer to customers is a bonus of 25,000 points. Increased Offer! Hilton No Annual Fee 70K + Free Nig...Topiary Maintenance - Topiary maintenance starts with basic plant care and includes extra pruning and trimming. Get some basic tips for topiary maintenance. Advertisement Once you'... Fertilize Crepe Myrtle trees annually in the springtime with a high nitrogen, slow-release crepe myrtle fertilizer. Prune judiciously late in the wintertime. For best results, remove shoots and buds growing at the base of the tree, along with branches that grow inwards rather than outwards. Prune in late winter, when the crepe myrtle has lost all of its leaves, and the branches are fully visible. And do things in an orderly fashion, removing the “ ...Choose a few of the sprouts to become mature branches and pruning away the rest. The other option is to start all over during the dormant season by pruning the tree to a few inches above the ground. Then allow three to five of the new sprouts to grow and become your new trunks. For more information on these techniques for rehabbing topped ...Lopper Pruners for up to 1-1/2" branch diameter. Gardening Gloves recommended. Step 1. Figure A below depicts a 4-year old crape myrtle tree as it may appear in late winter, when still in dormancy, and before new growth has begun to emerge. This tree has been properly pruned for 3 years and is ready to be …Apr 1, 2021 · To prune crepe myrtle, Rogers says to start with a pair of sharp pruning shears that you’ve wiped down with rubbing alcohol, rinsed and dried. He offers these tips on how to proceed with pruning: Go sparingly and avoid pruning anything larger than the diameter of your finger. “Aggressively pruning thicker wood from crepe myrtle is a habit ... Crepe myrtle is an amazing ornamental summer-blooming shrub.. Key Crepe myrtle facts. Name – Lagerstroemia indica Family – Lythraceae Type – tree or shrub Height – 10 to 16 feet (3 to 5 meters) Exposure – full sun, part sun Soil – rich enough Foliage – deciduous Flowering – May to October. Planting, pruning and caring for it contributes to the …

It is important to decide how tall and wide you want your crape myrtle tree to grow before pruning. This ensures that the tree retains its desired shape and size after the pruning process. Step 3: Remove dead, diseased or broken branches. Inspect the tree for any limbs or branches that are dead, diseased, or broken.. All natural skin care

crepe myrtle pruning

Feb 7, 2020 ... February is a great time to prune crape myrtles, just make sure you don't commit crape murder. This term is used to describe severely ...In the New York area we are on the edge of its growing zone. Lagerstroemia indica and its hybrids within this species are hardy to USDA Hardiness Zones 7 to 9, where as New York State ranges from zones 3 to 7 and New York City area is zones 6 and 7. In Zone 7 they may be killed to the ground in hard winters (as many were in the …You can get a 3- or 4-night stay and 125,000 Hilton Honors points with a new timeshare offer when you book one of these new special promos! We may be compensated when you click on ...As one of our favorite trees, the Crepe Myrtle is definitely on a pedestal with its gorgeous 100 day show of blooms in the summer but also its characteristic...When it is time to prune, cut last year's growth back by about 2 feet, removing any damaged or crossing branches. By repeating this process for a few years, your crepe myrtle will regain its natural shape and will look tidy — not butchered — after pruning. These pruning rules apply to species of crepe myrtles that are trees, some of which ...Conditions for Pruning. Crepe myrtles lose their leaves in winter, so any necessary pruning should be done during late winter or very early spring. Note that I said necessary pruning, not butchering. There are five (and only five) good reasons to prune a crepe myrtle tree: to remove dead wood, more commonly called "deadwood";Crape myrtles need complete fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The specific percentages of each show up, in that order, as three numbers on the label. A balanced fertilizer with a formula of 8-2-4 should satisfy 'Tuscorora's' basic needs. Use a slow-release fertilizer for sustained feeding in small amounts.Before long they can reach heights of 100′ or more. Pruning can help keep your beautiful blooming tree under control. However, there are some Crepe Myrtle Purists who call too-much pruning “Crepe Murder” and believe if you desire a smaller specimen then you should go buy one! It is our opinion to live and let live, if pruning your tree ...At TJs Crepe Myrtle Pruning, we will connect you to local professionals who specialize in the service you are requesting. 877-960-2092 . 877-960-2092. Home; Contact; Service; Get Connected; Crepe Myrtle Pruning Service. Zip Code. Get Quote When you need ...Regular crepe myrtle pruning also helps maintain a manageable size, preventing the tree from outgrowing its space and becoming a potential hazard. Whether done to rejuvenate an old crepe myrtle or maintain a young one, crepe myrtle pruning is a vital practice that ensures the long-term vitality and beauty of these beloved trees.Here are some steps to follow to effectively prune your crepe myrtle: Step 1 – Deadhead all the spent flower stems. The first thing that you want to do is trim back the …Topping a crepe myrtle is often referred to as crepe murder because topping is almost always a negative practice. Topping involves cutting the top branches of a tree back to stubs or lateral branches that are not large enough to assume the terminal role. Another way to think of topping is that you are pruning your tree as if it’s a shrub.While crepe myrtle trees don't require frequent pruning, they should be trimmed once each year in late winter. Waiting until the second half of the winter season to prune your tree ensures that ...Properly pruning you crape myrtle will maximize blooms, promote new growth and give your plant a great shape. Pruning is done in winter when the plant is dormant, between the months of December and February. …Aug 11, 2022 · Consequences of Severe Pruning. Unfortunately, many homeowners and landscape professionals prune crapemyrtle trees too severely (see an example of this in the photograph). Topping—commonly called "crape murder"—can be very damaging to the tree. This practice results in a "witch's broom" appearance and a tree that is no longer in proportion. Dec 9, 2020 · Pruning Crape Myrtle Bushes. Pruning crape myrtle bushes helps encourage new growth, improve its appearance, and remove dead branches. However, crape myrtle bushes don’t require much pruning, apart from thinning its compact growth. Over-pruning crape myrtles can result in too much foliage and fewer flowers. If you decide to prune crape myrtle ... When pruning for maintenance, the best time to prune is in the late winter or early spring when the tree is dormant if you are trying to encourage new growth or produce a second round of blossoms, deadhead crepe myrtles in early August, before the first frost. By following these tips, you can keep your crepe …Print. How to Prune Crapemyrtles Correctly. How to Prune Crepe Myrtles Correctly. Watch on. This article covers the topic of pruning Crapemyrtles (also spelled Crepemyrtle, Crepe Myrtle or Crape Myrtle). Quick note; this is …I was going to the beach last weekend and my mother noticed some Crepe Myrtles with an interesting shape. They almost had an umbrella shape. There were the ubiquitous multiple trunks, but the tops were almost symmetrically even domes. Almost like umbrellas. There was even an inverted bowl shape underneath, because the branches ….

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