Atrial fibrillation (A-fib) ECG / EKG interpretation, treatment, causes, and nursing review for nurses, nursing students, and NCLEX.Quiz: https://www.registe...Refractory ventricular fibrillation was defined as an initial presenting rhythm of ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia that was still present after three consecutive ...Consequently, the international ACLS recommendations present the science-based clinical guidelines and some educational material for these periarrest conditions: Acute coronary syndromes. Acute pulmonary edema, hypotension, and shock. Symptomatic bradycardias. Stable and unstable tachycardias. Acute ischemic stroke The vasopressor that is used for the treatment within the right branch of the Cardiac Arrest Algorithm is epinephrine. Epinephrine is primarily used for its vasoconstrictive effects. Vasoconstriction is important during CPR because it will help increase blood flow to the brain and heart. Jul 18, 2019 ... ... treatment was getting futile and asked for opinions. ... I checked my red pocket leaflet with advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) algorithms, and ...Tests are done to check the heart and confirm a diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia, also called V-tach or VT. Test results also can help determine if another health problem is causing V-tach. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG). This is the most common test to diagnose tachycardia. An ECG shows how the heart is beating.PALS Cardiac Arrest Algorithm 1. Activate emergency medical services, call a pediatric “code blue”, obtain AED or defibrillator 2. Is the rhythm shockable? Rhythm IS shockable (ventricular fibrillation or unstable ventricular tachycardia) 1. Administer shock at 2 Joules/kg 2. Administer high-quality CPR for 2 minutes 3. Check rhythm If not shockable, move to …A retrospective study compared standard and nonstandard approaches in ACLS for treating VFib. The standard ACLS protocol involves immediate defibrillation, while nonstandard approaches incorporate intubation or drug therapy before defibrillation. The study revealed significantly higher long-term survival rates with standard ACLS …Part 6: Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support. For a person in VF the probability of successful defibrillation and subsequent survival to hospital discharge is directly and negatively related to the time interval between onset of VF and delivery of the first shock. 123 Early defibrillation by first rescuers and trained lay responders is a ...Jan 12, 2021 · Freese JP, Jorgenson DB, Liu PY, et al. Waveform analysis-guided treatment versus a standard shock-first protocol for the treatment of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest presenting in ventricular fibrillation: results of an international randomized, controlled trial. Circulation. 2013 Aug 27. 128(9):995-1002. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. . About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright ...There are two stages of treatment for V-fib: the first is focused on restoring the person’s pulse and blood pressure. The second stage focuses on reducing a person’s chances of developing ventricular fibrillation in the future. Stage one treatments for ventricular fibrillation include: Automated emergency defibrillator (AED), if used ...Learn and Master ACLS/PALS. OVER 150,000 SATISFIED HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS. Post-Cardiac Arrest Care. ... Hypotension, a systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg should be treated and the administration of fluids and vasoactive medications can be used to optimize the patient’s hemodynamic status. While the optimal blood pressure during the post ...Here are the primary ACLS medications broken down by algorithm and a link to its respective page which covers in detail all aspects of medication its use during cardiac arrest and post-resuscitation efforts. Primary ACLS Drugs for the ACLS Algorithms. Vent. Fib./Tach. Epinephrine Vasopressin Amiodarone Lidocaine Magnesium.South Sudan is "back to war." (This post has been updated.) A day after South Sudan marked its fifth year of independence, the world’s youngest country is on the verge of sliding b... For ACLS, atrial fibrillation becomes a problem when the fibrillation produces a rapid heart rate which reduces cardiac output and causes symptoms or an unstable condition. When atrial fibrillation occurs with a (RVR) rapid ventricular rate (rate > 100 beats/min), this is called a tachyarrhythmia. Asystole is not a shockable rhythm. So, treatment will involve high-quality CPR, airway management, IV or IO therapy, and medication therapy – specifically 1mg of epinephrine 1:10,000 concentration every 3 to 5 minutes via rapid IV or IO push. Asystole Treatment Steps. ACLS providers perform their initial assessment, which involves the following:Amiodarone Dosage: The first dose of Amiodarone when being used to treat VT/V-Fib is 300 mg via IV/IO push. If needed, a second dose of 150 mg IV/IO push may be administered. When treating Tachycardia/VT, 150 mg IV/IO should be delivered over 10 minutes, with continuous infusions of 1 mg/min IV for 6 hours, and 0.5 mg/min IV for the …Synchronized cardioversion is an intervention used to treat unstable supraventricular and ventricular cardiac rhythms. Indications for synchronized cardioversion: Patients who have a pulse and are hemodynamically unstable with tachycardias such as: Ventricular tachycardia. Supraventricular tachycardia. Atrial fibrillation.Evaluate and treat rapidly reversible etiologies Involve expert consultation for continued management Awake Other critical care management Follows commands? ... ACLS Healthcare Provider Post–Cardiac Arrest Care Algorithm Continued Management and Additional Emergent Activities No Yes. Author: American Heart AssociationThis ACLS scenario will usually involve one or two rescuers in an out-of-hospital setting. Ideal equipment would be an AED and a pocket mask. Rapid assessment and treatment using the CAB sequence of BLS should be performed as the first intervention. CPRRhythm Recognition. Knowing how to read and interpret ECGs is a critically important skill in ACLS and PALS. Take a moment to review the most common cardiac rhythms encountered in ACLS and PALS. The Prototypical ECG Tracing. The P wave corresponds to electrical impulse traveling through the atria. This is synonymous with atrial depolarization ...This 2019 focused update to the American Heart Association advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and emergency cardiovascular care is based on the evidence identified in systematic reviews and the resulting “2019 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and …This ACLS quiz covers general information that may be found on the ACLS written test. ) , () ) : (2020-2025 guidelines) Go to Quiz #2. Return Practice Test Library ... but if the witnessed cardiac arrest is not due due Vfib or pulsless Vtach, then chest compressions and alerting EMS would take priority, to maintain perfusion to identifying ...In ACLS, heart block is often treated as a bradyarrhythmia. The PR interval is a consistent size, but longer or larger than it should be in first degree heart block. ... Cardiac arrest VFib/VTach: First dose: 1-1.5 mg/kg IV Second dose: 0.5-0.75 mg/kg IV every 5 to 10 min Max: 3 mg/kg Infuse 1-4 mg IV per min ...The treatment of all emergent tachycardic rhythms, whether narrow-complex or wide-complex, depends on the third and final clinical determination: the presence or absence of a pulse. Pulseless rhythms are treated under the ACLS cardiac arrest algorithms: a wide-complex tachycardia would be considered to be pulseless ventricular tachycardia ...V-tach can be life-threatening if it's sustained (lasting more than 30 seconds). VFib. A fast, abnormal rhythm starts in the ventricles and prevents blood from being pumped throughout the body. Ventricle walls twitch or quiver uncontrollably and irregularly. VFib is always life-threatening, causing sudden cardiac arrest.ACLS indicates advanced cardiovascular life support; and CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation. PDF Download Accessible Text Version (PDF) Figure 7.2. Routine administration of calcium for treatment of cardiac arrest is not recommended. 3. Use of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscita-tion for patients with cardiac arrest refractory to standard advanced cardiovascular life support is reasonable in select patients when provided within an appropriately trained and equipped system of …The reduction in cardiac output resulting can cause symptoms ranging from decreased level of consciousness to a total lack of cardiac output, known as a pulseless ventricular tachycardia. Unstable ventricular tachycardia may present with the following characteristics: Broad QRS arrhythmia. Highly accelerated heart rates.About Arrhythmia. Ventricular Fibrillation. Ventricular fibrillation, or VF, is considered the most serious abnormal heart rhythm. VF is extremely dangerous and can lead to sudden cardiac death. Without treatment, the condition is fatal within minutes.Good morning, Quartz readers! Good morning, Quartz readers! The UK parliament reconvenes amid chaos. MPs are expected to bring legislation to the floor that could delay prime minis...Give Life-Saving Treatment Which medications and treatments given will depend on whether we are dealing with VTACH with a pulse, or pulseless VTACH or VFIB. Defibrillation is the ultimate goal with unstable or pulseless ventricular arrhythmias because defibrillation can restore a perfusing rhythm.LYLE A. SIDDOWAY, M.D. Am Fam Physician. 2003;68 (11):2189-2197. Amiodarone is a potent antiarrhythmic agent that is used to treat ventricular arrhythmias and atrial fibrillation. The drug ...Current advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) guidelines for the management of ventricular fibrillation (VF) and pulseless ventricular tachycardia is defibrillation. However, refractory VF, which is defined as VF that persists despite three defibrillation attempts, is challenging for all ACLS provide …Synchronized cardioversion is a procedure similar to electrical defibrillation in that a transthoracic electrical current is applied to the anterior chest to terminate a life-threatening or unstable tachycardic arrhythmia. Unlike defibrillation, which is used in cardiac arrest patients, synchronized cardioversion is performed on patients that still have a …By 2025, duty-free retail will be worth $800 million in India. Indians’ obsession with picking up alcohol at its international airports might lead to a quadrupling of the duty-free...Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is due to multiple wavelet reentrant electrical activity and is manifested on electrocardiogram (ECG) by ultrarapid baseline undulations that are irregular in timing and morphology. VF is the presenting rhythm for about 70% of patients in cardiac arrest and is thus the terminal event in many disorders.Rhythm-Based Management. There are four possible electrocardiographic rhythms in cardiac arrest: ventricular fibrillation (VF), pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT), pulseless electrical activity (PEA), and asystole. VF is a disorganized electrical activity, while a pulseless VT produces an organized electrical activity.This 2018 American Heart Association (AHA) focused update on the advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and emergency cardiovascular care (ECC) is based on the systematic review of antiarrhythmic therapy and the resulting “2018 International Consensus on CPR and ECC Science With …A retrospective study compared standard and nonstandard approaches in ACLS for treating VFib. The standard ACLS protocol involves immediate defibrillation, while nonstandard approaches incorporate intubation or drug therapy before defibrillation. The study revealed significantly higher long-term survival rates with standard ACLS …Adult Dosage for Lidocaine: Dosage for cardiac arrest from ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia: Initial dose is 1 to 1.5 mg/kg IV or IO. Can also be delivered via endotracheal tube. Dosage for refractory ventricular fibrillation: An additional .5 to .75 mg/kg may be given via IV push.A rally of growth/tech stocks is the best way to convert skeptics. Have you ever noticed that folks tend to be more bullish on the overall market when growth/tech rallies? The best...Ventricular fibrillation, or VF, is considered the most serious abnormal heart rhythm. VF is extremely dangerous and can lead to sudden cardiac death. Without treatment, the condition is fatal within minutes. …V-tach can be life-threatening if it's sustained (lasting more than 30 seconds). VFib. A fast, abnormal rhythm starts in the ventricles and prevents blood from being pumped throughout the body. Ventricle walls twitch or quiver uncontrollably and irregularly. VFib is always life-threatening, causing sudden cardiac arrest.Nov 29, 2017 · Given the difficulty in converting RVF to a perfusing rhythm, here are a few strategies beyond the standard therapy to add to your toolbox. Refractory ventricular fibrillation (RVF) is a life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia unresponsive to traditional methods of defibrillation and advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS). RFV has been defined as “ventricular fibrillation that is resistant Here are the primary ACLS medications broken down by algorithm and a link to its respective page which covers in detail all aspects of medication its use during cardiac arrest and post-resuscitation efforts. Primary ACLS Drugs for the ACLS Algorithms. Vent. Fib./Tach. Epinephrine Vasopressin Amiodarone Lidocaine Magnesium.If a pulse cannot be felt after palpating for up to 10 seconds, move immediately to the ACLS Cardiac Arrest VTach and VFib Algorithm to provide treatment for pulseless ventricular tachycardia. The immediate response to an adult patient with tachycardia and a palpable pulse is. To maintain an open airway; Assist breathing if necessarySummarize the treatment options for VF. Review the importance of improving care coordination among interprofessional team members to improve outcomes for patients affected with VF. Access free …South Sudan is "back to war." (This post has been updated.) A day after South Sudan marked its fifth year of independence, the world’s youngest country is on the verge of sliding b...Nov 17, 2022 · Atrial fibrillation (A-fib) ECG / EKG interpretation, treatment, causes, and nursing review for nurses, nursing students, and NCLEX.Quiz: https://www.registe... Dec 18, 2023 · Scope of the Guidelines. This 2023 focused update to the American Heart Association (AHA) advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and emergency cardiovascular care is based on the expert writing group review of the relevant International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) Consensus on Science With Treatment Recommendations (CoSTR ... Used to treat Atrial Fibrillation, Atrial Flutter, Atrial Tach, and Symptomatic VT. Shock performed at peak of R wave. Requires proper lead/pad placement to monitor ECG. Pediatric shock energy level: Monophasic or Biphasic: 0.5-1.0 J/kg Assure the patient is sedated and comfortable during shock delivery. Defibrilation: Used to treat VF and ...The American Heart Association’s ACLS precourse self-assessment is a test students take before beginning a course in advanced cardiovascular life support, as the association’s webs...Basic treatment of torsade: ⚡️; Treatment of torsade storm: ⚡️; The following treatment strategy is for monomorphic VT, or polymorphic VT due to acute myocardial ischemia. The treatment of these entities is very similar, although there is a greater urgency to pursue revascularization in the context of polymorphic VT due to …Acute ventricular fibrillation (VF) is treated according to Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) protocols. [ 81, 82] ) Interest in improving rates of public...The American Heart Association (AHA) formally endorsed cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in 1963, and by 1966 they had adopted standardized CPR guidelines for instruction to lay rescuers [ 2 ]. Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) guidelines have evolved over the past several decades based on a combination of scientific evidence of …Approximately 300,000 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) occur annually in the United States, with survival around 8%. 10 The initial rhythm may be ventricular fibrillation (VF), pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT), asystole, or pulseless electrical activity (PEA). 16 Two-thirds of OHCA has an initial non-shockable rhythm of PEA or asystole with an increasing incidence compared with ...Ventricular fibrillation (sometimes called v-fib for short) is an arrhythmia, a malfunction of the heart’s normal pumping sequence. It is the most common deadly arrhythmia. When it happens, the lower chambers of your heart quiver or twitch instead of completely expanding and squeezing. This means they aren’t pumping blood as they should.Asystole should be treated according to current American Heart Association BLS and ACLS guidelines. One person should take charge and control the resuscitation. In all hospitals, there are specially assigned teams consisting of different professionals who attend cardiac arrests. The role of the nurse is to document and …2018 American Heart Association Focused Update on Advanced ...Medications used in PEA Vasopressors. A vasopressor is a medication that produces vasoconstriction and a rise in blood pressure. The vasopressor that is used for the treatment within the right branch of the Cardiac Arrest Algorithm is epinephrine.. Epinephrine is primarily used for its vasoconstrictive effects. Vasoconstriction is …Nov 29, 2017 · Given the difficulty in converting RVF to a perfusing rhythm, here are a few strategies beyond the standard therapy to add to your toolbox. Refractory ventricular fibrillation (RVF) is a life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia unresponsive to traditional methods of defibrillation and advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS). RFV has been defined as “ventricular fibrillation that is resistant Learn how to grow an ecommerce business, which involves logistics, marketing, customer retention, and user experience enhancements. Retail | How To REVIEWED BY: Meaghan Brophy Meag...Without immediate treatment, ventricular fibrillation can cause death within minutes. The condition's rapid, erratic heartbeats cause the heart to abruptly stop pumping blood to the body. Blood pressure drops suddenly and significantly. The longer the body lacks blood, the greater the risk of damage to the brain and other organs.ROSC and the Importance of Diagnosing and Treating Underlying Causes. Cardiac arrest will sometimes be caused by an underlying and potentially reversible condition. If ACLS providers can quickly identify a specific condition that is causing or contributing to the patient’s cardiac arrest and correct it, the patient may be able to achieve ROSC.Rhythm Recognition. Knowing how to read and interpret ECGs is a critically important skill in ACLS and PALS. Take a moment to review the most common cardiac rhythms encountered in ACLS and PALS. The Prototypical ECG Tracing. The P wave corresponds to electrical impulse traveling through the atria. This is synonymous with atrial depolarization ...Given the difficulty in converting RVF to a perfusing rhythm, here are a few strategies beyond the standard therapy to add to your toolbox. Refractory ventricular fibrillation (RVF) is a life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia unresponsive to traditional methods of defibrillation and advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS). RFV has been defined as “ventricular fibrillation that is resistantNov 30, 2010 ... BLS and advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) programs emphasize the treatment of “shockable” rhythms, v fib and v tach, and they even enjoy ...However ACLS-EP still recommends vasopressin in presence of septic shock cardiac arrest. It has its place when properly utilized. Dummied down ACLS is ok so people feel better about assisting in cardiac arrest situations. ACLS-EP is an excellent option for those seeking more detailed and higher level of patient care and intervention.The treatment of (VF and pulseless VT) Ventricular Fibrillation and Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia is included in the Cardiac Arrest Algorithm. VF and pulseless VT are …Mar 1, 2021 ... In this video, we give an overview of how to teach the V-fib ... CARDIAC ARREST EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT, UNCONSCIOUS PULSELESS PATIENT TREATMENT ACLS ...VF is the most common mechanism of sudden cardiac arrest and can also quickly develop into asystole (flatline), and death, it requires immediate treatment. The treatment process will focus on terminating the VF and restoring movement of blood toward vital organs and a return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). IdentificationSurvival from these arrest rhythms requires both basic life support (BLS) and advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS). The foundation of ACLS care is good BLS care, beginning with prompt high-quality bystander CPR and, for VF/pulseless VT, attempted defibrillation within minutes of collapse.Personal habits. Work habits. We all have good and bad habits. The key to making bad habits good is to recognize them. Read this article to identify your own bad marketing habits a... Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is due to multiple wavelet reentrant electrical activity and is manifested on electrocardiogram (ECG) by ultrarapid baseline undulations that are irregular in timing and morphology. VF is the presenting rhythm for about 70% of patients in cardiac arrest and is thus the terminal event in many disorders. Survival from these arrest rhythms requires both basic life support (BLS) and advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS). The foundation of ACLS care is good BLS care, beginning with prompt high-quality bystander CPR and, for VF/pulseless VT, attempted defibrillation within minutes of collapse.Good morning, Quartz readers! Good morning, Quartz readers! The UK parliament reconvenes amid chaos. MPs are expected to bring legislation to the floor that could delay prime minis...Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is a life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia in which the coordinated contraction of the ventricular myocardium is replaced by high-frequency, disorganized excitation, resulting in failure of the heart to pump blood. VF is the most commonly identified arrhythmia in cardiac arrest patients.In ACLS, Lidocaine is used intravenously for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias. (VT/VF) It is also useful for the treatment of stable monomorphic VT with preserved ventricular function and for stable polymorphic VT with preserved left ventricular function, normal QT interval, and correction of any electrolyte imbalances.Legendary personal finance journalist Jane Bryant Quinn offers her advice. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receive newsletters and promotions from Money and its partners. I agree ...Feb 1, 2021 ... Want to earn CE credits for watching these videos? Join ICU Advantage Academy. https://adv.icu/academy 10% off Critical Care ...Ventricular fibrillation, or VF, is considered the most serious abnormal heart rhythm. VF is extremely dangerous and can lead to sudden cardiac death. Without treatment, the condition is fatal within minutes. Disordered electrical activity causes the heart’s lower chambers (ventricles) to quiver instead of contracting (or beating) normally.Treatment of monomorphic VT is dependent upon whether the patient is stable or unstable. Expert consultation is always advised, and if unstable, the ACLS tachycardia algorithm should be followed. Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia. With polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, the QRS waves will not be symmetrical.Knowing the H’s and T’s of ACLS will help prepare you for any ACLS scenario. Learn about this easy-to-remember strategy used in ACLS training. ... Also, a widening of the QRS-wave may be seen. This can be treated in a number of ways which include sodium bicarbonate (IV), glucose+insulin, calcium chloride (IV), Kayexalate, dialysis, and ...Ventricular fibrillation is a life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia that leads to a loss of cardiac function and sudden cardiac death. In this review, we summarize therapeutic interventions and guidelines for providers managing patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and refractory ventricular fibrillation in prehospital and emergency settings. Additionally, we …Jan 12, 2021 · Freese JP, Jorgenson DB, Liu PY, et al. Waveform analysis-guided treatment versus a standard shock-first protocol for the treatment of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest presenting in ventricular fibrillation: results of an international randomized, controlled trial. Circulation. 2013 Aug 27. 128(9):995-1002. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. . Approximately 300,000 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) occur annually in the United States, with survival around 8%. 10 The initial rhythm may be ventricular fibrillation (VF), pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT), asystole, or pulseless electrical activity (PEA). 16 Two-thirds of OHCA has an initial non-shockable rhythm of PEA or asystole with an …Oct 31, 2022 ... Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) ECG interpretation, causes, treatment, nursing NCLEX and ACLS review.
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Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is a life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia in which the coordinated contraction of the ventricular myocardium is replaced by high-frequency, disorganized excitation, resulting in failure of the heart to pump blood. VF is the most commonly identified arrhythmia in cardiac arrest patients.However, it is unclear whether these medications improve patient outcomes. The 2018 AHA Focused Update on ACLS guidelines summarize the most recent published evidence for and recommendations on the use of antiarrhythmic drugs during and immediately after shock-refractory VF/pVT cardiac arrest. The updated guidelines state …In ACLS, heart block is often treated as a bradyarrhythmia. The PR interval is a consistent size, but longer or larger than it should be in first degree heart block. ... Cardiac arrest VFib/VTach: First dose: 1-1.5 mg/kg IV Second dose: 0.5-0.75 mg/kg IV every 5 to 10 min Max: 3 mg/kg Infuse 1-4 mg IV per min ...ACLS is an acronym that stands for Advanced Cardiac Life support. ACLS teaches healthcare professionals advanced interventional protocols and algorithms for the treatment of cardiopulmonary emergencies. These include primary survey, secondary survey, advanced airways, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, tachycardias, bradycardias, and stroke.The treatment for ventricular fibrillation is rapid defibrillation. Every minute that defibrillation is delayed, the chance of survival is reduced by 10%. The key steps to treating ventricular fibrillation are: Rapid assessment to confirm cardiac arrest. Starting CPR. Applying the defibrillator and delivering the first shock as soon as possible.Used to treat Atrial Fibrillation, Atrial Flutter, Atrial Tach, and Symptomatic VT. Shock performed at peak of R wave. Requires proper lead/pad placement to monitor ECG. Pediatric shock energy level: Monophasic or Biphasic: 0.5-1.0 J/kg Assure the patient is sedated and comfortable during shock delivery. Defibrilation: Used to treat VF and ...Ventricular fibrillation (VFib or VF) and ventricular tachycardia (v-tach or VT) are two types of heart arrhythmia that occur in the heart’s lower chambers called the ventricles. The ventricles ...Ventricular fibrillation (sometimes called v-fib for short) is an arrhythmia, a malfunction of the heart’s normal pumping sequence. It is the most common deadly …If treatment with atropine is ineffective, consider second line drugs. These include isoprenaline (5 mcg min −1 starting dose), and adrenaline (2–10 mcg min −1). For bradycardia caused by inferior myocardial infarction, cardiac transplant or spinal cord injury, consider giving aminophylline (100–200 mg slow intravenous injection).Consequently, the international ACLS recommendations present the science-based clinical guidelines and some educational material for these periarrest conditions: Acute coronary syndromes. Acute pulmonary edema, hypotension, and shock. Symptomatic bradycardias. Stable and unstable tachycardias. Acute ischemic strokeTreat patients in whom thrombus is identified by TEE with oral anticoagulation (INR 2 to 3) for at least 3 to 4 weeks before and after restoration of sinus rhythm. (Level of Evidence: B) Class IIb. Cardioversion without TEE guidance during the first 48 h after the onset of AF.ACLS is an acronym that stands for Advanced Cardiac Life support. ACLS teaches healthcare professionals advanced interventional protocols and algorithms for the treatment of cardiopulmonary emergencies. These include primary survey, secondary survey, advanced airways, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, tachycardias, bradycardias, and stroke..